Witness Analysis Essay Example For Students

Witness Analysis Essay 2010 HSC English Standard †Module B ‘Witness’ By Aiman Ahamad - John Book and Rachel Lapp would never have an effective changeless relationship. Do you concur? Connections might be lasting or transitory. Distinctive relationship will encounter hindrances yet may get impressive prizes. There are numerous variables that can influence the connection between individuals like conflict of societies, their powerlessness to adjust to exchange social orders and the basic qualities whereupon they base their lives. John Book and Rachel Lapp would never have an effective changeless relationship. â€Å"Witness† (1985) coordinated by Peter Weir. The conflict of societies among Rachel and John is a main consideration that influences their relationship profoundly. Their powerlessness to comply with interchange social orders is likewise a key factor that impacts the adequacy of their relationship, alongside the central qualities that support their lives. The conflict between Amish pacifism and present day American social orders mentality towards brutality likewise influences their bond. These parts have influenced Rachel and John’s capacity to have an enduring relationship. We will compose a custom paper on Witness Analysis explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now The conflict of societies is a huge part that outcomes in the breakdown of their relationship. The manner in which John and Rachel live is so far expelled from each other that it fills in as the setting for the film as it investigates the conflict of societies. John Book is courteous and aware towards Rachel, Samuel and others. A nearby was utilized when John sat at a similar level with Samuel to mirror that he regards him. John is named by Eli as ‘the English’ the moment he collides with their perch room. The vehicle collides with the dovecote is emblematic as he collided with the Amish people group excluded. This suggests his quality isn't welcome. Rachel and Samuel watch strange when they were praying while John eats the frank looking awkward. The opening of the film itself mirrors this conflict of culture with an extraordinary since quite a while ago shot to show the cart holding up the lines of traffic. The conflict of social personality between Rachel who is living in the Amish society and John who is living in current American culture is likewise one of the fundamental reasons that will consistently influence their relationship. Rachel shows up more impervious to acknowledge current American culture than John ready to investigate the Amish culture. It is apparent that the conflict of societies is a noteworthy factor that influences John and Rachel’s relationship. ‘Barn rising’ is a significant scene where shows John attempting to fit in by taking an interest in the network exercises. He likewise needs to exhibit his appreciation and his graciousness by partaking at the outbuilding raising. John is demonstrating to the Amish that he is useful. In the animal dwellingplace raising just John wears a white shirt, it mirrors that he doesn’t have a place and is extraordinary. The sexual orientation division of ladies doing the cooking, serving and the men carrying out the work responsibilities mirror the Amish estimations of the sex jobs. The taken look among John and Rachel shows that their relationship isn't welcome in the network. The utilization of since quite a while ago shot is to show the movement of the animal dwellingplace and demonstrate that they are joined together. Rachel is intrigued by John as he is surpassing the Amish desires. Daniel is intrigued by John as he demonstrates his value through his structure ability. The way that John is at the most elevated level taking a shot at the animal dwellingplace framework shows that he’s attempting to substantiate himself. Low point shot is utilized to show that the horse shelter is huge and exhibit their aggregate disposition which demonstrates that they are bound together. It is evident that the Amish people group thinks about the bond among Rachel and John as the Amish lady said â€Å"Everyone has a thought regarding you and the Englishmen, Book†. Rachel answered â€Å"All of them magnanimous, I’m sure†. The Amish lady answered â€Å"Hardly any of them† to call attention to that Rachel and John are being unseemly. This mirrors John nearness isn't welcome and is upsetting the Amish people group. Rachel serves John first at the lunch table; she is intentionally defying the shows of her way of life. This is reflecting how she is being affected by John’s nearness and not complying with the Amish esteems. Rachel is resolved to not be adversely affected by the ‘idle gossip’ about herself and John. In the last snapshot of the scene John is perched on the rear of the truck while the remainder of the men were singing a tune in German. This accentuate he doesn’t have a place. This scene shows John’s franticness of attempting to be acknowledged into the Amish people group. It likewise mirrors the developing association of John and Rachel’s relationship as Rachel debases her way of life so as to draw nearer to John. Rachel’s fascination in John leaves her with an internal good quandary as to fit in with and maintain the Amish esteems, or to yield to er want and disrupt the social guidelines and be with John. There are a few scenes that reflect Rachel’s rebelliousness. In the ‘Barn building’ scene where Rachel serves John initially stress that she is breaking her social qualities so as to be near John. There are likewise indications of nonconforming when Rachel expelled her hood before grasping and kissing John. At the point when Rachel hits the dance floor with John to the music in the ‘breaking the rules’ scene, she is making a huge stride in downgrading her way of life as she hits the dance floor with a ‘English man’ who isn't her significant other. In the ‘bathing’ scene where Rachel purposely opens herself to John, she is welcoming him to exploit his appreciation for her. The Amish are disparaging of John as he doesn't ‘fit in’, which means he doesn't comply with the Amish ways. As John makes positive commitments inside their locale, he turns out to be increasingly acknowledged. At last, John can't fit in with the Amish ways for all time, so he leaves. In any case, John attempts his best to fit in with the Amish ways transitory by draining the bovines and taking part in day by day errands and doesn't utilize savagery against Schaeffer at long last so as to be acknowledged by the network. He likewise wears Amish garments to make him progressively acknowledged truly or on a superficial level. He took an interest in animal dwellingplace assembling and patched the perch room. While John puts forth attempts to adjust, there are noteworthy minutes when he doesn't. Maybe it is these little things that make the greatest and most invulnerable obstruction among John and Rachel. The minutes that reflect John’s resistance is the point at which he discloses to Samuel that playing with an emptied weapon is okay, when he gets baffled and battle those domineering jerks while saying â€Å"But it is my way† to underline that viciousness is fundamental and can't adjust to the Amish ways as they are conservative. .u48feda7d832d72c634f89c2bb9bbf34c , .u48feda7d832d72c634f89c2bb9bbf34c .postImageUrl , .u48feda7d832d72c634f89c2bb9bbf34c .focused content zone { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u48feda7d832d72c634f89c2bb9bbf34c , .u48feda7d832d72c634f89c2bb9bbf34c:hover , .u48feda7d832d72c634f89c2bb9bbf34c:visited , .u48feda7d832d72c634f89c2bb9bbf34c:active { border:0!important; } .u48feda7d832d72c634f89c2bb9bbf34c .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u48feda7d832d72c634f89c2bb9bbf34c { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; mistiness: 1; change: haziness 250ms; webkit-progress: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u48feda7d832d72c634f89c2bb9bbf34c:active , .u48feda7d832d72c634f89c2bb9bbf34c:hover { murkiness: 1; change: darkness 250ms; webkit-progress: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u48feda7d832d72c634f89c2bb9bbf34c .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u48feda7d832d72c634f89c2bb9bbf34c .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-beautification: underline; } .u48feda7d832d72c634f89c2bb9bbf34c .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u48feda7d832d72c634f89c2bb9bbf34c .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; fringe sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: intense; line-stature: 26px; moz-outskirt range: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-enrichment: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .u48feda7d832d72c634f89c2bb9bbf34c:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u48feda7d832d72c634f89c2bb9b bf34c .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u48feda7d832d72c634f89c2bb9bbf34c-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u48feda7d832d72c634f89c2bb9bbf34c:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: A Good Man Is Hard To Find The Storm EssayHe likewise partook in the shooting of McPhee to feature that he is a piece of current society and is a firearm using cop. These vital minutes are indispensable in tending to John and Rachel’s absence of similarity as it stress the status of their relationship. These little minutes are significant as it underline their similarity. There are scenes in the film which appears, awkward minutes among Rachel and John on account of their conflict of societies. In the ‘hot hound scene’ the mid range shot shows Rachel and Samuel praying and Book looks awkward in light of the fact that he i s strange in this circumstance. He kn

Six Amendment essays

Six Amendment papers From the Federal Crimes Act of 1790 to Miranda v. Arizona 364 U.S. 436 (1966) the Sixth Amendment option to advise had grown immensely. This paper will investigate the advancement of the Sixth Amendment, including what the Sixth Amendment is and when it applies to a person. The idea of successful guidance will likewise be characterized by the Court. The Sixth Amendment was long deciphered as just significance the option to direction of ones decision and at ones own cost. It has since come to mean the privilege to selected insight for the individuals who can't manage the cost of one. The move came in Powell v. Alabama, 287 U.S. 45 (1932), or the acclaimed Scottsboro Case. The feelings all things considered (of a few dark adolescents blamed for assaulting two white ladies) were toppled on ground that the litigants didn't get a reasonable preliminary in light of the fact that their entitlement to viable guidance were denied. In Betts v. Brady, 316 U.S. 455 (1942), the Supreme Court decided that just in exceptional conditions, should direct be delegated. Notwithstanding, in Gideon v. Wainwright, 372 U.S. 335 (1963), the Court upset Betts and stretched out the option to advice to the charged in all states in every single criminal case. In Argersinger v. Hamlin, 407 U.S. 25 (1972) the Court applied the option to insight to all offense s including the chance of detainment. The Sixth Amendment option to advise has went along way. The Sixth Amendment ensures a blamed the help for counsel, the rights to be educated regarding charges and to stand up to informers, just as a privilege to a fast and open preliminary by an unprejudiced jury in every single criminal case. The option to advise applies at whatever point an individual feels they need it. The option to advise incorporates a privilege to viable guidance. In United States v. Cronic, 466 U.S. 640 (1984) Justice Stevens clarifies that a skillful advice is fundamental to the accusatory framework. The Court stays hesitant to discover lawyers that are bumbling. ... <!

Post-Coloniale Theory_Gender Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Post-Coloniale Theory_Gender - Essay Example It is not necessarily the case that he didn't endure the concealment of body, brain and soul under outsider bosses or being an outsider in his own nation, as did a large number of others before him. To mimic a well known articulation: You can remove expansionism from a settlement however you can not take a province (of individuals) out of imperialism! Fanon was conceived in the French settlement of Martinique, French Antilles in the Caribbean. Creole is the language of this state and dark, the shade of his skin. Under the French organization, Martinicians were conceived and raised as Frenchmen or Frenchwomen. This superimposition of an European culture on an African people group in the Caribbean islands framed the foundation to the development of Fanon’s thinking and writings1. Officially prepared as a specialist and a savant, he was a unique scholar, Marxist progressive and essayist on suppressive parts of imperialism and propounded his perspectives in his original works, generally significant of which are â€Å"Black Skin, White Masks† (1952) and â€Å"The Wretched of the Earth† (1961). Through these compositions and different works, Fanon has helped us comprehend expansionism as more than the activity of political and monetary force, yet as a mental procedure. We will break down this contention in the light of his social moorings, his works and his progressive translations. The word expansionism has its causes in the mid-fourteenth century Roman word ‘colonye’, a settlement, a station or involved grounds outside the Roman city states.2 ‘Colonialism’ is a nineteenth century idea of social, political and monetary arrangement towards ‘occupied lands’ under the British colonialism. During the fifteenth and sixteenth hundreds of years, European countries experienced renaissance of workmanship, writing, music and dramatization even as Christianity and the congregation went up against the State to catch and control the psyches of the individuals. The nautical

Analyze Martin Luther Speech I Have a Dream

Break down Martin Luther Speech I Have a Dream On August 28, 1963, Dr. Martin Luther King conveyed a discourse â€Å"I Have a Dream† to more than 200, 000 social equality supporters in Washington following a dissent walk for opportunity and occupations. In his discourse that kept going 17 minutes, Luther called for racial uniformity and stop to all way discrimination.Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on Analyze Martin Luther Speech â€Å"I Have a Dream† explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The discourse came when dark individuals in America were confronting genuine difficulties that extended from racial isolation to subjection to dogmatism. As of now, the social liberties development in America was extending quickly and it came to pas that the discourse intended to arouse the development. The discourse left a permanent engraving in the hearts of numerous Americans who needed equity to be their shield and protector. Truth be told, as days passed by, the discourse â€Å"I Have a Dreamà ¢â‚¬  by Martin Luther has gotten one of the most high-positioning and awakening bits of rhetoric in American history. Incredibly, when Luther arrived at halfway perusing the scripted content, he presented and afterward relinquished it. Rather, Luther ad libbed the segments of the discourse prompting its creation it understandable the schedule through which the words â€Å"I have a dream† intensely recreate. This exposition will look at and examine Martin Luther’s discourse â€Å"I have a dream† with am accentuation on discourse for voice and talk. Quite, note that Luther contended and upheld his provision. Therefore, it is likewise basic to make out the language he utilized and the coordinated crowd (Doug 1). To begin with, Luther begins by saying that all men regardless of their shading, race, age or sex are equivalent. In his discourse, Luther more than once referenced the abuse of dark Americans over an extensive stretch. For example, Luther begins by sayin g, â€Å"One multi year later, the life of the Negro is still unfortunately disabled by the cuffs of isolation and the chains of discrimination† (The Junto Society 1). He goes on more than once calling for equity among every American resident. Luther proceeds to state how he dreams his four youngsters living in a country without prejudice, and the one where the substance of character of an individual issues. In his discourse, Luther finds verifiable archives so basic in protecting his contention. For instance, the Emancipation Proclamation set the tone to end subjection in America. The record, which was an official request and completely getting a charge out of the help of President Lincoln, reserved another period in United States by pushing the liberating of slaves in the assistant states.Advertising Looking for article on african american? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More at the end of the day, this was the start o f another part in America, the section of balance for African-American. The second verifiable archive expressed by Luther was obviously, the United States Constitution and the Declaration of Independence. Specifically, this report guarantees freedom and the mission of satisfaction for all Americans, both highly contrasting (The Junto Society 1). The whole discourse is a magnum opus of talk portrayed by an advanced voice. Moreover, Luther utilizes various spellbinding words, rather than unswerving words. Recognizably, the discourse is brimming with allegories for instance, â€Å"America has given the Negro a terrible check, which has returned stamped ‘insufficient funds’†. This intended to stir America to the truth of equity and fairness, onto the acknowledgment that all Americans are equivalent whether dark or white. Luther additionally utilizes anaphora, that is, the reiteration of specific expressions, for example, â€Å"Let opportunity ring†, â€Å"I h ave a dream†, and ‘With this faith† to underscore on the overarching conditions. It is likewise basic to take note of that Luther is tending to all Americans, both white and dark, and henceforth the utilization of words â€Å"we† and â€Å"our†. Taking everything into account, Luther inclinations both high contrast Americans to coincide as they have a typical fate (Keith 1). Doug, DuBrin. â€Å"I Have a Dream† as a Work of Literature. 2011. Web. Keith, Miller. Martin Luther King, Jr. (1929-1968). (n.d.). Web. The Junto Society. Martin, Luther King Jr. I Have a Dream. August 28, 1963. 2002. Web.

Plant and Animal Cell

As a matter of first importance, plant and creature cells are eukaryotic cells. They have complex structures yet the two of them have significant contrasts, also a few likenesses. Plant cell are generally bigger than creature cell. The two sorts of cells have numerous organelles. The plant cell has a couple of a bigger number of organelles than the creature cell however generally theyâ have similar organelles. Creature and plant cells both have a core, ribosomes, Golgi device, andâ endoplasmic reticulum. Just plant cells have a cell divider, vacuole, chloroplast, and plastids.Both cells are constrained by a core and else they wouldn’t have the option to work without it. Also, the ribosomes experience a procedure called combination of proteins, these proteins are vital for life in the phones. The Golgi mechanical assembly packs the proteins to remain in the cell. The endoplasmic reticulum is sorted into two sections, Rough endoplasmic reticulum and smooth endoplasmic reticulu m. The harsh endoplasmic reticulum has ribosomes appended to it; it packs the proteins made by the ribosomes.The smooth endoplasmic reticulum doesn't have ribosomes however it detoxifies harmful material in the cell. Moreover, creature cells are adjusted and unpredictable fit as a fiddle, while plant cells have fixed rectangular shapes. Plant cell have cell divider which makes a rectangular structure, these structure are made out of cellulose, hemicellulose, and an assortment of different materials, yet creature cells don’t have this cell divider making it have dynamic shapes (circular shape).Plant cells have chloroplasts for the use of daylight and this is the thing that contributes for a plant to look green. Plant cell do photosynthesis while creature cells can’t. The chloroplast is just present in plant cell since they make their own food. Additionally plant cells contains a huge focal vacuole that is encased by a layer that makes up 90% of the cell volume, while wh en contrasted with the creature cell, it has at least one vacuole yet littler that the plant cell. Additionally plant cell have plastids and creature cell don’t have.Plastids are little organs in the cytoplasm that stores shaded color and food. Plant cells use connecting pores in their cell divider to interface with one another and pass data while anima cells rely upon a closely resembling arrangement of hole intersections that permits correspondence between cells. Creature cells have centrioles, cilia and lysosomes yet plant cells have no requirement for centrioles in light of the fact that their shaft filaments are associated with the cell divider. The following are two pictures, one of a creature cell and the other from a plant cell.ANIMAL CELL PLANT CELL Reference: 30 Sep. 2012 http://wiki. answers. com/Q/How_do_plant_cells_differ_from_animal_cells 30 Sep. 2012 http://wiki. answers. com/Q/How_do_plant_cells_differ_from_animal_cells 30 Sep. 2012 http://scienceray. com/scie nce/creature and-plant-cell-similitudes and-contrasts/30 Sep. 2012 http://www. preservearticles. com/201101032391/primary contrasts among plant-and-creature cell. html 30 Sep. 2012 http://www. diffen. com/distinction/Animal_Cell_vs_Plant_Cell

Whats going on inside my head

What’s going on inside my head Here are ten important things that happened in the past week. 1. I threw a dinner party for a bunch of people Friday, including Sams Moms beef stew, spinach with hot bacon dressing, squash, rosemary-cheddar biscuits, and suite potatoe pie. We had lots of fun and cultured conversation. I discovered that spinach, which I previously considered to be the most healthful food in the world, is actually bad for you, because it gives you gallstones. Luckily, I dont like spinach very much. Thats why I have to cover it in a bacon-sugar sauce before eating it. Actually, I just find it to be a little bitter, which may make me a supertaster. 2. I got an A on my Pulitzer-worthy essay for German I, Mein Freund Ryan Ist Ein Schrecklich Kellner, based quite loosely on the life and employment of my high school friend Ryan at Doc Hollidays. 3. Every Friday night theres three-dollar ice skating at the Z-Center, so I headed over and kind of learned how to skate from Moria 06 and Joe 08. I was also really impressed by the skating prowess of Grant 08, who is from Laguna Beach, CA and had thus never seen ice before coming to MIT. Anyway, after an hour and a half I feel like Im at least starting to get skating down at a conceptual level I can do it if I switch from skate to skate slowly and keep singing to myself j-joo, j-joo, j-joo, j-joo. Note that despite my inability to skate, I have played exactly one game of IM ice hockey. 4. Through Dr. Bill Cutter, director of the MIT Concert Choir, I scored free tickets to the Boston Lyric Operas production of Lucie de Lammermoor. Now, I can appreciate opera and everythingLucies mad scene in the second act was absolutely stunning, involving acrobatic coloratura passages by Lucie echoing a solo flute. The soprano was amazing tooshe sang while dancing around, kneeling, laying down. Her voice was unstoppable. However, the last scene was way, way, way too long. Basically, Edgard, Lucies hot-blooded illicit lover, comes back to the castle and sings an aria about how hes going to kill himself because Lucie was unfaithful. Then he finds out that she was actually not unfaithful, but she died of being crazy just before he arrived. He was a moment too late. So then he sings another aria about how hes going to kill himself for like ten more minutes. Then he kills himself with a dagger and sings for another good two minutes before keeling over, ending his life and the opera. Not cool, Edgard. 5. MIT has posted the spring class schedule! This is like Christmas day for me. Not only that, they did it two days early. I was so excited, I almost had to leave marching band rehearsal when I found out. I was not so excited when I found out that most of the classes I want to take are on Tuesdays and Thursdays at 1 PM. What should I pick7.36: Foundations of Computational and Systems Biology, 10.26: Chemical Engineering Projects Laboratory, or 10.391J: Sustainable Energy? I have a scant two and a half months to decide! What a conundrum. 6. Lab inspections are coming up and we have to make sure that my turkey waste is hygenic, so I completed my yearly EHS training. Part of it included a fashion quiz: 7. Got really upset that postage is going up again. 8. I went to an open mic comedy night at SaveTFP and told my one joke: Helen Keller walked into a bar. Guess she didnt smell it coming. I actually have two other jokes, but its better to keep you in suspense, right? 9. According to one of my suitemates, I was washing the dishes this morning and one broke. Well, that wasnt very nice of it. Now, normally thats not a huge issue, but it happened to be one of a set of eight color-coordinated plates and bowls and for some reason, I dont know if I can bring myself to use any of them without knowing all of them are there. So, if you find a turquoise salad bowl belonging to the Furio Home Thailand collection, be sure to let me know. Or I could just smash the other one and buy some more matching bowls. Anyway, its still amazing because somewhat akin to distance running or competitive Scrabble or Clay Aiken, theres this whole collectible dinnerware subculture that Im just now discovering. Is my plate rimmed or coupe? Does it have any cutlery marks that can be seen under intense light? Are the cracks axial or lateral? Well, maybe this is an opportunity for me to buy a new, ultra-trendy, well-engineered bowl from the Student Art Association that wont break so easily.. Whenever God closes a door, He opens a window. The Sound of Music 10. Applied to Bayer and BASF online. I want to get an internship in Germany this summer through MISTIs MIT-Germany program. So, as a chemical engineer, I applied to those two companies, plus Merck and ALTANAPharma. They required a picture with my application, so heres what I sent in: They cant refuse to hire me based on that, can they? You should have seen the runner-up. Maybe you will.

Whistleblowers and Their Importance in Organizations Coursework - 275 Words

Whistleblowers and Their Importance in Organizations (Coursework Sample) Content: Name:Instructor:Subject:Date:Whistleblowers and Their Importance in OrganizationsIn an organization, many unethical cases take place without the knowledge of other employees or stakeholders and thus are hidden by the offenders. In most cases, the outside world may blame the entire organization for issues perpetuated by few cunning individuals who could easily be pointed out and persecuted. Sometimes other employees fear to point out unethical cases, such as corruption and fraud for fear of victimization by the offenders. As a result, unethical cases are still being experienced in most organizations. Nevertheless, unethical cases can be reduced if the organization has whistleblowers in place (Nickels, McHugh, and McHugh 102).Whistleblowers are people who expose alleged dishonesty, misconducts, or illegal activities in the organization. The activities exposed may be grouped in a number of ways depending on how they occur and how they have been exposed. They can be categ orized as fraud, the public threat, and corruption among others. Whistleblowers expose these activities externally or internally (Nickels, McHugh, and McHugh 103). Whistleblowers are a threat to potential fraudsters and other people within the organization with the intention of committing unethical activities. As a result, such people threaten whistleblowers lives. Organizations, as well as the government, must find ways of protecting whistleblowers. A number of laws have been drafted to protect whistleblowers. These laws protect whistleblowers who believe they have information that is of public interest. These laws have been revised to make them effective, and some companies have gone ahead to draft whistle blowing policy to cushion the process (Nickels, McHugh, and McHugh 110). The new whistle-blowing laws have a number of effects on the business environment. In the first place, the ethical climate is likely to improve. Potential offenders will be wary of their activities being e xposed and thus will be forced to act ethically. The new laws will also ensure fairness in the workplace because whistleblowers will no longer be victimized, as it was the case. Whistle blowing is also likely to increase compliance at the place of work. Given the increased protection cases, companies will be forced to comply with the set laws and regulations for fear of falling victims of whistleblowers reports.There are myriads of whistleblowers who have tried to raise the alarm on some issues in their organizations, and one of them is Betty Dukes. Betty was a cashier at Wal-Mart. In 2001, she discovered that all her efforts to advance to a management position were met with demotion instead. She teamed with other five female employees and filed a suit against Wal-Mart for sexual discrimination (Jamieson par. 2). The lawsuit opened door for investigation into the way in which Wal-Mart was treating women. More than one million women from the current and former list of Wal-Mart employ ees brought their cases against Wal-Mart. The federal district court decided the case in favor of Duke, but Wal-Mart appealed and prevailed. Wal-Mart, upon realizing that its brand image was being tarnished by the lawsuit, made some efforts to change its system. The company slowly started according women some needed promotion. In addition, the company started according pregnant women some benefits, such as accommodation and guarantying them job security even when on maternity...

Changing the Constitution Without the Amendment Process

Since its final ratification in 1788, the U.S. Constitution has been changed countless times by means other than the traditional and lengthy amendment process spelled out in Article V of the Constitution itself. In fact, there are five totally legal â€Å"other† ways the Constitution can be changed. Universally acclaimed for how much it accomplishes in so few words, the U.S. Constitution is also often criticized as being too brief—even â€Å"skeletal†Ã¢â‚¬â€in nature. In fact, the Constitution’s framers knew the document could not and should not try to address every situation that the future might hold. Clearly, they wanted to ensure that the document allowed for flexibility in both its interpretation and future application. As a result, many changes have been made to the Constitution over the years without changing a word in it. The important process of changing the Constitution by means other than the formal amendment process has historically taken place and will continue to take place in five basic ways: Legislation enacted by CongressActions of the President of the United StatesDecisions of the federal courtsActivities of the political partiesThe application of custom Legislation The framers clearly intended that Congress—through the legislative process—add meat to the skeletal bones of the Constitution as required by the many unforeseen future events they knew were to come. While Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution grants Congress 27 specific powers under which it is authorized to pass laws, Congress has and will continue to exercise its â€Å"implied powers† granted to it by Article I, Section 8, Clause 18 of the Constitution to pass laws it considers â€Å"necessary and proper† to best serve the people. Consider, for example, how Congress has fleshed out the entire lower federal court system from the skeletal framework created by the Constitution. In Article III, Section 1, the Constitution provides only for â€Å"one Supreme Court and †¦ such inferior courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain or establish.† The â€Å"from time to time† began less than a year after ratification when Congress passed the Judiciary Act of 1789 establishing the structure and jurisdiction of the federal court system and creating the position of attorney general. All other federal courts, including courts of appeals and bankruptcy courts, have been created by subsequent acts of Congress. Similarly, the only top-level government offices created by Article II of the Constitution are the offices of the President and Vice President of the United States. All of the rest of the many other departments, agencies, and offices of the now-massive executive branch of government have been created by acts of Congress, rather than by amending the Constitution. Congress itself has expanded the Constitution in the ways it has used the â€Å"enumerated† powers granted to it in Article I, Section 8. For example, Article I, Section 8, Clause 3 grants Congress the power to regulate commerce between the states—â€Å"interstate commerce.† But what exactly is interstate commerce and what exactly does this clause give Congress the power to regulate? Over the years, Congress has passed hundreds of seemingly unrelated laws citing its power to regulate interstate commerce. For example, since 1927, Congress has virtually amended the Second Amendment by passing gun control laws based on its power to regulate interstate commerce. Presidential Actions Over the years, the actions of various presidents of the United States have essentially modified the Constitution. For example, while the Constitution specifically gives Congress the power to declare war, it also deems the president to be the â€Å"Commander in Chief† of all U.S. armed forces. Acting under that title, several presidents have sent American troops into combat without an official declaration of war enacted by Congress. While flexing the commander in chief title in this way is often controversial, presidents have used it to send U.S. troops into combat on hundreds of occasions. In such cases, Congress will sometimes pass declarations of war resolution as a show of support for the president’s action and the troops who have already been deployed to battle. Similarly, while Article II, Section 2 of the Constitution gives presidents the power—with a supermajority approval of the Senate—to negotiate and execute treaties with other countries, the treaty-making process is lengthy and the consent of the Senate always in doubt. As a result, presidents often unilaterally negotiate â€Å"executive agreements† with foreign governments accomplishing many of the same things accomplished by treaties. Under international law, executive agreements are just as legally binding on all of the nations involved. Decisions of the Federal Courts In deciding many cases that come before them, the federal courts, most notably the Supreme Court, are required to interpret and apply the Constitution. The purest example of this may be in the 1803 Supreme Court case of Marbury v. Madison. In this early landmark case, the Supreme Court first established the principle that the federal courts could declare an act of Congress null and void if it finds that law to be inconsistent with the Constitution. In his  historic majority opinion in Marbury v. Madison, Chief Justice John Marshall wrote, â€Å"†¦ it is emphatically the province and duty of the judicial department to say what the law is.† Ever since Marbury v. Madison, the Supreme Court has stood as the final decider of the constitutionality of laws passed by Congress. In fact, President Woodrow Wilson once called the Supreme Court a â€Å"constitutional convention in continuous session.† Political Parties Despite the fact that the Constitution makes no mention of political parties, they have clearly forced constitutional changes over the years. For example, neither the Constitution nor federal law provides for a method of nominating presidential candidates. The entire primary and convention process of nomination has been created and often amended by the leaders of the major political parties. While not required by or even suggested in the Constitution, both chambers of Congress are organized and conduct the legislative process based on party representation and majority power. In addition, presidents often fill high-level appointed government positions based on political party affiliation. The framers of the Constitution intended the electoral college system of actually electing the president and vice president to be little more than a procedural â€Å"rubber stamp† for certifying the results of each state’s popular vote in presidential elections. However, by creating state-specific rules for selecting their electoral college electors and dictating how they might vote, the political parties have at least modified the electoral college system over the years. Customs History is full of examples of how custom and tradition have expanded the Constitution. For example, the existence, form, and purpose of the vitally important president’s cabinet itself is a product of custom rather than the Constitution. On all eight occasions when a president has died in office, the vice president has followed the path of presidential succession to be sworn into the office. The most recent example happened in 1963  when Vice President Lyndon Johnson replaced the recently assassinated President John F. Kennedy. However, until the ratification of the 25th Amendment in 1967—four years later—the Constitution provided that only the duties, rather than the actual title as president, should be transferred to the vice president.

The Government Should Public Participation - 1554 Words

THE US GOVERNMENT SHOULD INSCREASE PUBLIC PARTICIPATION IN DECISION MAKING PROCESS IN ORDER TO PASS PARTICULAR POLICIES RESULTING TO A DECREASE IN CORRUPTION CAUSED BY CAPITALISM. Siddharth Phadke FAIRLEIGH DICKINSON UNIVERSITY Abstract Capitalism is must for a country’s development, as it helps to grow the economy of a country. Also the political parties governing the country need some capital in order to survive the election environment for campaigning. So the main source of fund which they get is from the business bosses i.e., the capitalists who are integral part of the American economy. Capitalism is the most powerful tool for gaining funds as they are profit oriented. Corruption thus occurs when there are†¦show more content†¦Likewise the political gatherings overseeing the nation require some capital so as to survive the race environment for campaigning. So the principle source of asset which they get is from the business supervisors i.e., the capitalists who are essential part of the American economy. Private enterprise is the most intense instrument for picking up assets as they are profit oriented. Corruption along these lines happens when there are numerous capitalists undertaking and they should conquer a specific business sector. Therefore corruption is for the most part determined by the capitalists. A system gets to be degenerate when it gets to be greedy. Government authorities are ruined by the capitalists with a specific end goal to advantage their endeavor benefits. Competitive environment and other economic pressure forces a capitalist enterprise towards corrupting the government. With a specific end goal to diminish this corruption, there ought to be more public interest so that the choice is made through open worry as in a majority rules system, individuals of that nation assume an essential part in encircling the nation s government and financial framework. THE US GOVERNMENT SHOULD INTRODUCE A DISTRIBUTED DECISION MAKING FRAMEWORK IN PUBLIC SECTORS FOR PASSING PARTICULAR POLICIES IN ORDER TO DECREASE CORRUPTION CAUSED BY CAPITALISM. Capitalism is an economic and political system in which a country s trade and industry are controlled by private owners for

Personal Statement On Dove Beauty Bar Essay - 1952 Words

CONTENTS TARGETED NEEDS 1 HEALTH NEEDS 1 SOCIAL NEEDS 2 MASLOW’S HIERARACHY OF NEEDS: 2 CULTURE AND SOCIAL CLASS 5 HOFSTEDE MODEL 5 SOCIAL CLASS 6 BELIEFS 8 Brand Distictiveness 8 Inferential Beliefs 8 Consumer Confusion 9 FAMILY AND HOUSEHOLD INFLUENCES 11 ROLES IN BUYING DECISIONS: 11 FAMILY LIFE CYCLE: 12 TARGETED NEEDS HEALTH NEEDS Health needs include personal care and hygiene demands. Dove beauty bar caters to the health needs of consumers. Dove sets itself apart in the soap industry by offering a beauty bar. Dove has evolved over time into a beauty bar from a bath and toilet soap. Earlier Dove was known as a bath and toilet soap that cleanses and moisturizes the skin with its cream laden soap. Today Dove does not call itself a soap because over the time it has associated the word soap with harsh cleaning action and rough skin. It completely differentiates itself from soap by calling itself a beauty bar. The change of trends with time also required Dove to remove the word toilet soap from its ads and position itself more strongly on its distinct ability to nourish and revitalize the skin. SOCIAL NEEDS Social image needs are based on a person’s concern about how they are perceived by others and a desire to project a distinct image on others. Dove beauty bar actively focuses on the social needs and communicates the consumer to celebrate differences that they have. Dove’s beauty campaign revolves around diminishing the stigmatized standards for beauty and promotes theShow MoreRelatedThe Principles Of Unilever Ceo Paul Polman2170 Words   |  9 Pages Dove was launched in the market by Unilever in 1957. With a vision to motivate the people to feel good and look good, it aimed to help women to become confident about their skin and appearance. Their basic aim is to get more out of life with brands and services that are actually good for them and also for others. 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Family Is An Important Influence On A Child s Life

In the past, children were raised on the streets or lived in orphanages. However, time has changed and today children get raised by their single-parents, stepparents, grandparents, or another parental figure. All this is now possible due to the procedure of adoption, which has become an important aspect worldwide. Adoption allows the children who have no parents feel the benefits of parental care. Family makes an important influence on a child’s life. Children depend on parents to protect, support, and give them guidance in life. Adoption agencies help children feel that love and connection by finding them a place to call home. In order to adopt a child, adults go through an adoption process. This process takes time†¦show more content†¦are eager to take them in. For example, they ask agencies to take the child when they have a little or no resources to survive or just live in a poor country. The birthparents give their children up for adoption because they believe life in America will offer a new hope. However, some adoption agencies offer programs for children to visit their birth country. In her newspaper, â€Å"Adopted children Learn About Heritages through Trips† (2015). Beth Benrendt claims that adopted children should have the chance to visit their birth country, to gain an educational and meaningful experience. Benrendt develops her argument by using the following families who have been in this situation, in order to convince the reader’s that allowing the child to visit their birth country is beneficial. Her purpose is to inform readers that heritage can be learned and interpreted through trips. She suggests arranging a tour and allowing the child to visit their birth country, will make them learn tradition and first-hand exposure to that lifestyle. Allowing a child to visit the country they were born is necessary because learn about their background. Some agencies take in children in need of help from another country. T hey offer a program called, â€Å"Orphan Hosting.† It is categorized within a child’s own country. This program gives people a time to meet and see the awaiting adoption kids. Some even inspire families to consider children they had not considered

The Unabomber Free Essays

The Unabomber For 17 years, an elusive criminal sent homemade bombs that targeted universities, airlines and computer stores, killing three people and injuring 23 others. The FBI branded Theodore Kaczynski a domestic terrorist, with the nickname the â€Å"Unabomber† (Unabomber). Theodore â€Å"Ted† Kaczynski was born in Chicago, Illinois, where, as a child prodigy, he excelled academically. We will write a custom essay sample on The Unabomber or any similar topic only for you Order Now He was accepted into Harvard University at the age of 16, where he graduated from four years later and then earned a PhD in mathematics several years after that. He then accepted a position at The University of California, Berkley campus as an assistant professor at the age of 25 (Unabomber). After two years at Berkley, Kaczynski seemed to have lost interest in everything around him. He quit his job and moved to an isolated cabin, without electricity or running water, in Lincoln, Montana. He wanted to learn survival skills in an attempt to become self-sufficient (Kaczynski). After witnessing the wilderness and environment around him get destroyed by industrial development, Kaczynski decided to start a bombing campaign (Kaczynski). From 1978 to 1995, Kaczynski sent sixteen bombs to targets, including universities and airlines (Unabomber). The first mail bomb was sent in late May 1978 to materials engineering professor Buckley Crist at Northwestern University, where a policeman, Terry Marker, opened the package which exploded immediately, leaving him with severe injuries to his left hand (Unabomber). He not only mailed his bombs, but would also hand place them throughout the United States. In California Kaczynski hand placed a nail and splinter loaded bomb in a parking lot of a computer store. When it was touched, it exploded, killing the 38-year-old computer store owner (Unabomber). Theodore was not just a murder with no motive, he proclaimed that humans were ruining the world through technology (Kaczynski). After 17 years of his bombing campaign, he sent his 35,000-word essay â€Å"Industrial Society and Its Future†, abbreviated to â€Å"Unabomber Manifesto† to major media outlets around the U. S. (Unabomber). The essay called for a worldwide revolution against the effects of modern society’s â€Å"industrial-technological system† (Kaczynski). He stated that â€Å"the Industrial Revolution and its consequences have been a disaster for the human race† (Kaczynski). Several months after the Unabomber Manifesto was printed on the Washington Post, Kaczinski’s brother and wife recognized his brothers writing styles and beliefs and tipped off the police. FBI officers arrested Kaczynski on April 3rd, 1996, at his remote cabin in Lincoln, Montana. Theodore thinks of himself as perfectly sane, with justifiable reasons connected to his crimes (Kaczynski). Theodore Kaczynski was sentenced to eight life sentences in prison with no possibility of parole. How to cite The Unabomber, Essay examples

Social Work Report to Court for Megalo Drug Advisory Service

Question: Discuss about theSocial Work Report to Court for Megalo Drug Advisory Service. Answer: Brief Background Information on Heidi reveals that she has been suffering from issues related to substance abuse. Heidi has been involved in drugs due to which she has been sentenced. However, changes in behaviour can overall help in improving such addictions. It is required that the court should consider that she has already started the program and following it stringently. She has been taking part in the methadone program which can help and support her in getting rid of her substance abuse issues. The heroine is a dangerous drug and its overdose can also lead towards the death of individuals. As of now, a total of 5 urine samples has confirmed that Heidi has been involved in the drug abuse. The purpose of this report is to present a court report on the selected client. As a social worker of a parenting support and education program for parents who are young, the aim will lie in dealing with individuals who have substance abuse issues. Heidi has attended the program for 2 sessions for half day each week as she started the program on methadone just six weeks before her sentence. Record of Contact Heidi was presented to the Megalo Drug Advisory Service on the 08-04-2018. The initial contact with Heidi was followed by a total of 12 more contacts which comprises of two half-day long sessions on a weekly basis (Executive, 2012). It was found that Heidi has been constantly willing as well as motivated to utilize the six-week long methadone program that can be used by her to overcome the substance abuse program. Heidi is a parent of a young child namely Kelly, a 3-year-old. It was identified that she was highly oriented to attend the drug abuse program which can improve her basic lifestyle as well as improve the daily habits (Fisher Harrison, 2012). Heidi has been charged with theft and use of illegal opioids such as heroin as one of the examples. The lack of self-control and self-ability to overcome the addiction resulted in Heidi to identify that that overcoming the addiction on her own will not be possible. It becomes essential to consider that the Heidi was engaged in theft as well. Social background Heidi is a young parent of one 3-year-old child. Heidi is responsible for not only taking care of but also for the wellbeing of her 3-year-old daughter namely Kelly (Hamilton, 1942). Apart from which, Heidi lives with her husband who is a project manager due to which he requires to spend over 15 days outside of the documented residence in a month due to which Heidi becomes responsible for domestic as well as her personal career, and works related to daughter. It was found that Heidi grew up in an upstate area but soon after the birth of her daughter, her father died of lung cancer and the entire family experiences a phase of loss and sadness. However, Heidi did not receive any counselling or joined any support group to deal with the grief, as a result, she developed depression that prevented her to enjoy the most joyful moments of the life (McLellan et al, 1997). This is when she recognized some of her colleagues use heroin periodically to overcome the negative feelings. However, as evident heroin is an addicting illicit drug which poses risk to the wellbeing itself of Heidi. It was found that the Heidi was involved in the abuse of heroin as she became aware of the numbing and memory distorting effect it can have on the user (Kandel, 2002). However, since the first drug abuse instance, Heidi has reported being unable to controlling herself and distancing from the drugs. Furthermore, the lack of self-control results in Heidi to steal goods from the local store as well. While she used to inform her husband about all aspects of life, she did not disclose the developed addiction until the first encounter with the treatment services. Education and Work Experience Heidi holds a graduate degree from the University of Canyon in business administration. Heidi was employed by the McKinsey Company as an associate consultant (Nelson-Zlupko et al, 1995). However, the work requires Heidi holds total 4 years of work experience post the graduation. Despite the high scores in the schooling, Heidi was unaware of the risks that illicit drug use can pose especially upon the first drug abuse instance. Drug history The workplace of Heidi comprised of high disposable income earners due to which some of the recently hired employees introduced Heidi to the heroine. However, soon after the onset of addiction, Heidi lost her job due to being unable to reach the office in a timely manner and lack of focus or task orientation in the workplace (Rod et al, 2015). It can be presumed that while members of the workplace did not identify the drug abuse problem, Heidi was on drugs during the last days at her workplace as a consequence. Heidi has realized her mistakes and focuses on joining another market research firm that has invited Heidi for the interview (OHare, 2005). The drug history of Heidi is relatively short as comprises of over 2 months of duration. However, this duration of drug abuse has posed surmounting problems to Heidi. Health Heidis health has been deteriorating. Her mental health is not as it should be for a young parent. She is suffering from depression and has stress due to her financial situations and her bad habit. Heidi after losing her father did not attend any counselling as well. This, in turn, made her further depressed because she was closely attached to her father. After the birth of her child, she continued growing weak physically. She has never resorted to exercising or changing her daily routine (Saleebey, 2012). Her routine does not offer her time to rejuvenate or be relieved of stress. She does not have a clear focus on her health physically or mentally. Also, due to the continued financial stress, Heidi has been further involved in being depressed. Financial Situation Heidi is not a single parent but most of her time, her husband is not in the city most of the time. Her husband earns average and the earnings that she makes are mostly used to maintaining the house and her childrens school fees (Ungar, 2004). Heidi does not have any accumulated wealth. She has not inherited from her paternal home. She has a weak financial background implying she does not even have sufficient money on most days to fill her stomach. However, her habit of drug abuse has further deteriorated her situation (Best et al, 2016). She hasnt paid for the school fees or her home bills. Her husband has been bringing the finances but they are now consumed in the treatment of their child who is suffering from chronic asthma and other bronchial issues. Professional assessment She was continuously depressed and stressed out. Even though she has a graduate degree and used to love studies but still now she does not have the energy to continue training herself professionally (Csiernik Rowe, 2017). Since the past 6 months, she stopped going to work because her substance abuse issue was brought to the forefront. Conclusion and recommendation It has been identified from the assessment that death of the father followed by lack of support or availability by the husband has placed increasing pressure on Heidi to take care of her own employment, domestic chores and education of her daughter. Moreover, the peer pressure from the newly hired employed at her workplace resulted in Heidi to try and become addicted to heroin. However, after the 2 months of drug abuse, she has recognized the problem, joined the methadone program and seeks further employment. Recommended action would be to assess Heidis behaviour. A brief community service can be given for the action of theft committed by her. Reflection I have always been a follower of ethics and while writing this report as well, ethical considerations were kept at the forefront. Furthermore, social justice and human rights issues were also ensured to be taken into consideration. I was motivated to choose this case as I could relate to the family oriented background of Heidi. I knew little about the human rights issue experienced by Heidi and that social justice will also be delivered to her. As Heidi is engaged in substance abuse, she is still to be viewed from the perspective of a human who has rights and these rights need to be respected and she should have the ability to exercise such rights. Heidi has been involved in misconduct due to her substance abuse problem. Being a young parent, she needs to acknowledge her responsibilities towards her family. Ethical considerations in this regard are therefore essential because all the personal information has been presented of Heidi in the report. However, the information has been presented in a way that it does not bring forward any ethical dilemma. Preserving the information of the client in a secure manner is one of the ethical considerations required to be made so that no one else has the ability to access it if they are not authorized. This is critical to consider as the human rights requie consideration to not only the gender, race, sexuality and poverty but also on the general impact of life. Therefore, it is important that human rights for Heidi are considered to minimize the impact on her life. Social justice issues were to be dealt with because as a new parent, Heidi has now adopted a suitable path towards her recovery. Her recovery will not be successful if she does not have the will or belief in the social justice system. The perspective of social justice was also kept in mind because it is not liable to offend the court in any manner. Heidis human rights were preserved moreover by allowing her to be independent and to let her lead her case by offering examples such as a change in her social behaviour and changes to her attitudes. References Best, D., Beckwith, M., Haslam, C., Alexander Haslam, S., Jetten, J., Mawson, E., Lubman, I. (2016). Overcoming alcohol and other drug addiction as a process of social identity transition: the social identity model of recovery (SIMOR).Addiction Research Theory,24(2), 111-123. Csiernik, R., Rowe, W. S. (Eds.). (2017).Responding to the oppression of addiction:Canadian social work perspectives. Canadian Scholars Press. Executive, S. (2012). " It's everyone's job to make sure I'm alright"-Report of the Child Protection Audit and Review. Fisher, G. L., Harrison, T. C. (2012).Substance abuse: Information for school counselors,social workers, therapists and counselors. Pearson Higher Ed. Hamilton, G. (1942).Theory and practice of social case work. New York School of Social Work. Kandel, D. B. (Ed.). (2002).Stages and pathways of drug involvement: Examining the gateway hypothesis. Cambridge University Press. McLellan, A. T., Cacciola, J. S., Zanis, D. (1997). The addiction severity index-lite.Center for the Studies on Addiction, University of Pennsylvania/Philadelphia VA Medical Center. Nelson-Zlupko, L., Kauffman, E., Dore, M. M. (1995). Gender differences in drug addiction and treatment: Implications for social work intervention with substance-abusing women.Social work,40(1), 45-54. O'Hare, T. (2005).Evidence-based practices for social workers: An interdisciplinary approach. Lyceum Books, Incorporated. Rod, M. H., Jhncke, S., Steffen, V., Raahauge, K. M. (2015). The social life of evidence: Rationalizing professional practice in the welfare state.Between Magic and Rationality: On the Limits of Reason in the Modern World,4, 43. Saleebey, D. (2012).The strengths perspective in social work practice. Pearson Higher Ed. Ungar, M. (2004). Surviving as a postmodern social worker: Two ps and three rs of direct practice.Social work,49(3), 488-496.

There Are Many Types Of Cults In The World, Cults Are Essays - Cults

There are many types of cults in the world, cults are everywhere but you just do not see them. Every person in the world has been in contact with them in one way or another in many cases you cannot see them. The closest cult we know of is on Rice Lake called the Moonies led by Reverend Myung, where I have currently visited. Cults can be involved in churches and even are earliest religions are called cults. Cults are not the strongest groups' sects are the strongest group. When you join a sect you cannot get out of them but a cult you can leave without having any problem or commitment. Sects will not let you out because many times it's illegal and they are afraid that you will say something to the public. Cults sometimes are illegal to. Religious cults are in every town and village there is no definition of a cult that is accepted by sociologists and psychologist or religion many types of activities will take cult like structures, an example would be any popular trend like physical exercise this is called the physical fitness cult. Famous athletes are a big figure when it comes to cults, many times Movie stars, professional athletes will endorse a product and a trend will start, making it turn into a cult. Also people who generate beliefs of something like flying saucer, aliens or any unknown figures can be cult. In religion when people call a church they are referring to a sacred organization having a highly structured or formalized dogma and hierarchy, but also allowing a bit of flexibility about membership requirements allowing you to go to a church and leave church when you want to. Although sects are against church attempts to accommodate to secular society. Sects believe that they are protecting a true faith or belief. Sects tend to stay away from world events , and also they believe in a strong strict behavioral code and demand a commitment out of their people. The differences between cults and sects are sometimes the same. Many scholars do not make distinctions between the two. Cults are different because they do not expect as much commitment. Many times' cults do not expect couples to become apart. Cults do not last as long as sects. Many times' cults survive through a decade, and also cults allow you to come and go as you want. Leaders of cults build around a charismatic leader who has a lifestyle dedicated to a specific spirituality group that they know other people will follow. The word Mormonism began as a small cult then grew bigger until it became a sect and eventually into a church. All the new religions followed the same thing by beginning small and getting bigger than becoming a church. Cults go back as far as we know of life, cults began to get bigger and be known throughout the world in the late 1960s and early 70s as people were better educated and better understood how they were formed and how they were run and people began to join. During this time Youths and middle class people began to join cults because of the in thing to do and they felt more secure about themselves. Cults really started to fascinate people when Jimmy Jones cult began in November of 1978 when all attention was focused on the mass suicide in Jonestown, a similar event happened in 1993 when federal agents engaged in a shoot out with cult leader David Koresh. Modern cults have many different practices and many different ways of leadership. Some cults have a flexible functional leadership, like the groups in the charismatic movement coming from the mainland Christian religion, other cults have people who run and orchestrate cult events, like Reverend Myung Moon leader of the unification church. The reason people are attracted to modern cults because it puts emphasis on community and on direct experience with the divine. In cults' participants often find a level of social support and acceptance that they do not find in a nuclear family. This makes and generates a sense of belonging to something profound and a feel of being somebody. People who often join cults such as this, join because they think they are getting something the world did not give them. Several factors have been looked at to figure why people like are modern youths join cults. Factors that were looked at were drug's war assignation of many unpopular presidents. Cults have been questioned about brainwashing people, and found it to be true. Cargo cults are usually neutralist and

The Glass Menageire essays

The Glass Menageire essays Biographical or Career Notes- For this drama, Tennessee Williams drew heavily upon his own family experiences, describing the lives of his mother, his sister, and himself. Williams father was a traveling shoe-salesman who spent little time at home and for the first few years of Williamss life, his mother and him lived with his mothers father. Tennessee Williams had few friends and his mother and father quarreled incessantly. Williams worked in a shoe factory, which he called a living death. Important Stage Directions or Background Descriptions of the Scene or Characters- The stage directions were a necessity to the play. If you did not read the stage directions, you would miss parts of what was going on. The stage directions also took care of describing how the characters felt and what their actions and reactions were. The stage directions also told where the characters were and what they were doing. Having stage directions made the theme and direction of the play more vivid and clearer to understand. The choice of characters was perfect for this play because their personalities fit well together to describe the theme of the play. 5. Identify, Summarize, and Analyze- Scene 1- Scene one involved introducing the characters in this play. It also provided the reader or audience with a feel for what exactly the characters of this play were really like. It is important to introduce the characters in the beginning of the play so the reader is able to relate to the characters all through the drama. This scene involved Amanda (the mother) talking to Laura about finding a gentleman and how she had so many gentlemen callers when she was her age. Scene 2- Scene two described how Laura (daughter) dropped out of business class and really wasnt involved in anything now. Amanda was not pleased with this at all. This scene also told how Laura only ever liked one boy Jim, someone she knew...

Humor Can Help Create Memorable Anniversaries

Humor Can Help Create Memorable Anniversaries Remember the first time you met your husband? Remember your first date with him? Or the time you spent together, frolicking on the beach? You may have had many such pleasurable moments together, but do you celebrate these occasions? You may remember your wedding day as if it had happened yesterday, but have you spared some time recollecting this beautiful day with your spouse? Thats what anniversaries are for. An anniversary is a grand celebration of lifes important milestones. It is a thoughtful way to acknowledge your love for your sweetheart or your dear ones. Marriage anniversaries are also the perfect excuse to throw a big bash and have your friends and family fuss over you. Consider birthdays. Right from the two-year-old toddler to the 80-year-old grandmother, everyone enjoys birthday celebrations. It is a special day to celebrate your entry into this world. You are happy to be alive and surrounded by loved ones, so why not share the happiness? Now, consider death anniversaries. Though it will not be a joyous celebration, you do honor the life of a loved one who enriched your life with happiness, companionship, and love. You reminisce their small gestures of affection and the nostalgic moments spent together, and you pray for their soul. This is also a form of celebration. Death makes one realize how important life is. In short, anniversaries are important celebrations. You cant afford to forget them. When you celebrate anniversaries, you express your love to your dear ones. Every Anniversary Has a Special Meaning Each anniversary year has a special significance, and it is symbolized by special materials. For instance, the first anniversary is denoted by paper. The  25th anniversary celebration is symbolized with silver, and hence friends and family members give silver articles as anniversary gifts. The 50th anniversary is a golden jubilee celebration, and as part of the tradition, gold items are gifted to the celebrating family. Anniversaries Represent the Journey One Has Traveled Anniversaries mark the passage of years, but they also reveal the emotional journey people undergo. In the first few years of marriage, many couples go through a challenging period of adjustment and turbulence. Some marriages survive the choppy ride, while a few marriages collapse even before the first anniversary. Couples often have doubts and apprehensions about their relationship. However, love keeps the couple bonded. Over years, couples understand each other and learn to adjust. As time goes by, couples even tend to take each other for granted. The ardent courtship is replaced by friendliness, and passion takes a back seat. Love becomes secondary; family and career take precedence. Anniversaries are gentle reminders for couples to review the milestones they reached together. Anniversaries are also occasions for couples to renew their commitment to each other. Death Anniversaries Remind Us of Our Dear Ones The first few years after the death of a dear one are especially traumatic. Readjustment after the demise of a loved one is difficult and painful. However, time is a great healer. When you seek to move on, seek solace from soothing words and memories. Life teaches us to enjoy every moment and make the most of it. Anniversaries Help Build Relationships Anniversaries remind you that relationships are special. They bring us closer to our near and dear ones and enrich our lives. When you celebrate your wedding anniversary, you express love and respect for your spouse. You strengthen your commitment to honor and cherish your vows. You also acknowledge each others contribution to making your marriage successful. Funny Anniversary Quotes Add Zing to Your Relationships Humor is like a breath of fresh air. With humor, you can rejuvenate your relationship. Humor helps you to win hearts. Your funny quotes will help thaw indifference and warm up those who are close to you. With funny anniversary quotes, you can shake off the lethargy and spice up your love life. William M. ThackerayI never know whether to pity or congratulate a man on coming to his senses.Grace HansenA wedding is just like a funeral except that you get to smell your own flowers.H. L. MenckenBachelors know more about women than married men; if they didnt, theyd be married too.Ronald ReaganA hippie is someone who looks like Tarzan, walks like Jane and smells like Cheetah.Mae WestA hard man is good to find.Jimmy CarterIve often wanted to drown my troubles, but I cant get my wife to go swimming.Mae WestLook your best who said love is blind?Compton MackenzieLove makes the world go round? Not at all. Whiskey makes it go round twice as fast.Oscar WildeBy persistently remaining single a man converts himself into a permanent public temptation.H. L. MenckenHappiness is the china shop; love is the bull.Mae WestLove thy neighbor - and if he happens to be tall, debonair and devastating, it will be that much easier.H. L. MenckenA man may be a fool and not know it, but not if he is marrie d. Kimberly BroylesAdam and Eve had an ideal marriage. He didn’t have to hear about all the men she could have married, and she didn’t have to hear about the way his mother cooked.Groucho MarxMarriage is the chief cause of divorce.

Fashion marketing Spanish group Inditex Assignment

Fashion marketing Spanish group Inditex - Assignment Example The essay "Fashion marketing Spanish group Inditex" discovers the marketing of the Spanish group Inditex. The mission statement of Bershka has always been to reach their customers within best possible short time, and to offer them quality of service at low prices. Bershka has also expanded their services to approach the customers through online selling. And today, the websites executing under Bershka are gaining advantage at excellent level. Swot analysis: (14Ju1) - Strength - strong management, pricing power, size and cost advantage, financial leverage and unique products. Weaknesses - work inefficiencies, high debt burden, high staff turnover, weak R&D and management, outdated technology and bad acquisitions. Opportunities - new technology, emerging markets, financial leverage, acquisitions synergies, new services, online markets and innovations. Threats - change in customer’s change, volatile costs, bad company, high competitive market, and bad economy, substitute products available in the market and government regulations. Product - high textile quality products are created along with the latest new designs. The products are designed keeping in mind the actual trends of the market. Finalized products are finely seal packed to keep safe. Besides clothing the brand also includes; accessories, apparels, bags, shoes, denim, Underwear & Lingerie. Prices - the prices of the products are set at a level of being available to the most common customers, holding average income. The prices are also kept same.

Definition of educaton Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Definition of educaton - Essay Example The first and foremost important requirement for any educated person is knowledge as it is required in order to make any decisions about what to do, say or believe. This knowledge should encompass both fundamental or foundational knowledge as well as non-foundational knowledge. The former includes matters which are basic such as the earth we live in and the matter surrounding us. However this information may not be of any practical value but they will definitely help people to gain an understanding about reality and their surroundings and also will lead to further inquiries. The non-foundational knowledge is more specific, limited and detailed in nature such as knowing the composition of common salt or understanding the functioning of the human system. Individuals should definitely possess the foundational knowledge as it sows the seeds for further reasoning and inquiry. In addition to possessing knowledge educated people should also have the skills and abilities that will help them to apply their knowledge to practical use. This includes skills to do work, speak, listen and think. The right thinking skills will enable a person to make rational and intelligent decisions. The thinking skills include a general and a specific component.

E-Procurement and Competitive Advantage

E-Procurement and Competitive Advantage 1.0 Introduction The Internet plays an important role as it is revolutionizing the way in which business is conducted around the world. In new millennium with the emergence of electronic system, organizations are strained to shift their operation from traditional way to e-business had lead clear increase in global competition which threaten existing businesses and modernize business practices. Apart from that, technology is consider an integrate part of any business as technology can contribute to economic growth, increases productivity and quality of products as well as increases competitive advantages of industrial sectors. Besides, the developing of technology is in an increasing pace and dramatically changes business models in business sector. In such competitive environment resulted from globalization, firms must create more dynamic strategy over their competitor to survive in the business sector. Due to competition from various companies has increased as advancements in technology; it has broken down the traditional barriers to entry the market. Therefore, at the ever changing world, procurement process has been transformed into strategic resources. The use of new technology in procurement has provided substantial benefits. However, some organizations are exploiting competitive advantage through mergers, acquisitions, supply and distribution channel imptovements (Hamel and Prahalad 1994), as cited in Longenecker and Ariss (2002). 2.0 Research Objective To determine that whether e-procurement can achieve competitive advantage To investigate whether total quality management can achieve competitive advantage To examining whether implementation of e-procurement in total quality management can help to achieve further competitive advantage. 3.0 Research Questions Does e-procurement results in competitive advantage? Does total quality management results in competitive advantage? Does implementation of e-procurement in total quality management can help to achieve further competitive advantage? 4.0 Hypotheses E-Procurement can result in competitive advantage. Total quality management can result in competitive advantage. Implementation of e-procurement in total quality management can provide further competitive advantage. Literature Review 5.0 E-Procurement and Competitive Advantage 5.1 Conceptualization of E-Procurement Nowadays, the evolution of e-procurement is becoming more successively and interested on a global scale. According to Min and Galle (2003), e-procurement is defined as business-to-business purchasing practice that utilizes electronic commerce to identify potential sources of supply, to purchase goods and services, to transfer payment, and to interact with suppliers (as cited in Pearcy and Giunipero 2008, p.26). Besides that, electronic procurement consists of e-Maintenance Repair Operate (MRO), web-based Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), e-sourcing, e-tendering, e-auctioning, e-exchanges and e-informing (Min and Galle 2001; Knudsen 2003; Walker and Harland 2008). Apart from that, an Aberdeen Group (2001) found that e-procurement technologies are divided into 2 categories: direct procurement and indirect procurement (cited in Angeles and Nath 2007). Direct procurement is the purchase of high volume raw materials that used in the manufacturing process of a finished product (Harrigan et al. 2008). Whereas indirect procurement is the purchase of maintenance, materials and operation goods that are not directly involved in the production process such as office supplies, personal computers and advertising (Bof and Previtali 2007). Apart from that, procurement process involves a complex series of events which allows a firm to more from the basic need to reaching a final purchase decision through technical specification and potential supplier evaluation (Robinson et al. 1967, cited in Osmonbekov et al. 2002). Hence, many firms in diverse industries adopt the strategy of e-procurement and focus on restructuring the entire order-to-delivery process rath er than specific task in order to improve the efficiency of purchasing or supply management function as well as reduce operation costs of organization. 5.2 Conceptualization of Competitive Advantage The achievement of sustainable competitive advantage has long been the goal of companies and organizations. However, due to the rapid change in the global environment, researchers from various backgrounds have come up with their own different perspectives to identify definition of competitive advantage. In traditional industry, the importance of industry structure and market position plays significant roles to achieve competitive advantage (Porter 1980, cited in Ma 1999; Passemard and Kleiner 2000). According to Pfeffer and Vega (1991), the conceptualization of competitive advantage can be described as organizational practice, resource and asset that used to improve an organizations competitive position in the marketplace (as cited in Longenecker and Ariss 2002). Porter (1985) further description on competitive advantage grows out of the firms unique ability in creating superior customer value (as cited in Ma 2002, p.525). However, recently, Rindova and Fombrun (1999), state that competitive advantage is built on relationship and not an exchanges sustained social interactions in impressions which may affect future behaviors (cited in Tzokas and Saren 2004). 5.3 Competitive strategies in E-Procurement E-procurement has been seen to have the potential to play a pivotal role in a firms endeavours to create a competitive cost advantage that lasts for many years, hence grounding sustainable competitive advantage (Bloomberg et al. 2002, p. 14) cited in (Pires and Stanton 2005). In order to achieve sustainable competitive advantage, company should concern on the implementation of organizational business strategy in area of e-procurement. However, if the organization fails to apply a successful strategy, it will result in loss of business productivity and competitiveness which will undermine the long-term performance of the organization. Apart from that, a firm can enhance its market position and competitive strength by developing procurement strategy. Below are the competitive strategies which e-procurement can achieve competitive advantage: 5.3.1 Cost Reduction The reduction of purchasing cost has been recognized as one of the most significant purposes in procurement (Collis and Montgomery 1995), since the average manufacturing firm spends half of its sales revenue on the purchase of materials (cited in Ordanini and Rubera 2008). Furthermore, research shows that by using e-procurement can achieve cost saving which average reduction in purchase price of 17 per cent (Bartezzaghi and Ronchi 2005, cited as Harrigan et al. 2008). Additionally, by implementing e-procurement in an organization, it can help us to reduce purchase price of materials and costs that related to internal workflow of activities such as equipment and labour costs. With the use of electronic procurement, transactions can be proceed through HTML, EDI, e-mail and Internet which can eliminate the usage paper requisition for placing order, invoice as well as receipt (Sarkis et al. 2004). Additionally, Companies using e-procurement have reported savings up to 42% in purchasing t ransaction cost associated with less paperwork, which translates into fewer mistakes and more efficient purchasing process (Davila et al. 2002). 5.3.2 Efficiency Maximization E-procurement can improve the efficiency of the process which order fulfillment time can shortened up to 80 per cent (Minahan 2001, cited in Harrigan et al. 2008) as well as reduced the inventory levels (Min and Galle 2003). Thus, e-procurement has impact on the purchasing cycle time and delivery time. In order to achieve high quality performance, mostly organizations has seen the benefits of applying new technologies in its manufacturing processes because it can manufacture in a high volume production without any concerns in regards to cost. The investment in advanced equipment has enabled the company to achieve a high level of process capability that could not achieve by manual processes. Due to there are many repetitive and complicated tasks that machines can do which human being cannot do it. According to Bof and Previtali (2007), electronic procurement can accelerated the flow of important information between buyers and suppliers as well as elimination of transaction errors by transform the way of purchasing raw material from traditional methods to online. Currently, the use of internet serve as a foundation of data flow for strategic manufacturing purpose in e-procurement such as using barcodes in firms to manage the raw material. As the workflow automatically routes information through the purchasing process without re-keying all the date, user can use it easily and with a minimal error. According to Smith and Correa (2005), they stated that by using e-business can lead to highly accurate information gathering though proper database via internet and it enable to indentify each product moving throughout supply chain. Apart from that, the information that recorded in the system are stored in a real-time fashion, therefore, users can acquire an accurate tracking in supply chain compared with the traditional manual methods. Therefore the adoption of e-procurement will improve efficiency that can strengthen competitive advantage in firms and industries. In general, firms should adopt the e-procurement strategies to achieve competitive advantage among the competitors. For instance, firms need to learn the management practices which are reduce production costs by elimination waste and achieving higher efficiency to capture the attention of the suppliers. 6.0 Total Quality Management and Competitive Advantage 6.1 Conceptualization of Total Quality Management (TQM) Since 1980s, TQM has been regarded as one of the competitive strategies for firm to improve their competitive advantage and has widely implemented throughout the world (Kuei et al. 2001; Brah et al. 2002; Rad 2006). Besides that, TQM has been widely regarded as rational structure and scientific tools for the improvement of quality as well as improve competitive advantage (Sun 2000; Li et al. 2002). There is no universally agreed definition on TQM as many researchers have their own beliefs and prejudices towards the term (Martinez-Lorente 1998; Sun 2000; Psychogios and Priporas 2007; KlefsjÃÆ' ¶ et al. 2008). However, the definition provided by researchers is more like vague descriptions than definitions and contain terms as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ a philosophy, which à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ an approach for à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (KlefsjÃÆ' ¶ et al. 2008). As just an example, Rad (2006) defines TQM as a philosophy which provides a template for success to an organization through customer satisfaction. On the other hand, in recent years, a tendency toward agreement on a system perspective of TQM has been suggested. One such definition is from Hellsten and KlefsjÃÆ' ¶ (2000), who define TQM as a continuously evolving management system consisting of core values, methodologies and tools, the aim of which is to increase external and internal customer satisfaction with a reduced amount of resources (cited in KlefsjÃÆ' ¶ et al. 2008, p. 121). The definition provided by Hellsten and KlefsjÃÆ' ¶ (2000) is stated clearly as it consists of three components which are interdependent and supporting each of the values to sustaining a culture based on a kernel of core values. 6.2 Competitive strategies in TQM In order to compete with the increasingly of competitors, it has forced organizations find ways to reduce costs while maintaining customer satisfaction and making continuous improvement to the products. Since 1980, TQM has been recognized as a way to achieve goal by establishing a quality-based culture for improving customer satisfaction. Apart from that, TQM has been widely recognized as one of the most competitive weapon, if implemented successfully, provides a competitive advantage for organizations through quality (Martins and Toledo 2000; Beskese and Cebeci 2001; Prajogo and Sohal 2004). In order to achieve the goals of organization, they should implementing successful TQM strategies. 6.2.1 Quality Focus Currently, TQM have become a key focus for organizations as it considers as tools for improvement quality. According to Mandel et al. (2000), he noted that the implication of quality as a factor of international planning. Quality improvement refers to the efforts on increasing effectiveness and efficiency in order to satisfy customer expectations (Talha 2004). Organizations must plan the strategic to implement quality improvement planning into their business plan. If the organization has emphasized quality as an important strategic, this will leads to higher sales and operating profits as well as improve the competitive positions of the firm as the customers will pay more to quality products that satisfy them. Also, nowadays customers are become more sophisticated, continuous improvement in product quality is essential to satisfy their needs. Therefore, once the organizations satisfy the requirements of customer, items are producing according to specifications, it will minimizing defective items and the cost of rework (Khan 2003). Yet, TQM will increase the organizations competitive advantage because they concentrated on the improvements to offer superior quality of products to its customers (Martins and Toledo 2000). Hence, quality improvement is essential for the very survival of a company to achieve competitive advantage. 6.2.2 Customer Focus Customers have their expectations towards an organization which they patronize. If the expectations are not met, they will get dissatisfied and stop patronizing the organization; hence customer satisfaction is one of the important elements to attain competitive advantage. According to Bergman and Klefsjo (2003), satisfied customer are loyal customers and loyal customers are profitable customers and profitable customers make lucrative businesses and happy owners (cited in Bergquist et al. 2005, p. 312). However, customers are usually irrational. In order to develop their potential quality, companies need to develop the strategies on customer focus. Generally, customer focus means as the activities of the companies are intended to benefit the customer but the customer is seen from the companies own perspective (Lagrosen 2001, p.350). Organizations should make an effort to gain information regarding the needs and wants of the customer rather than always focus on the companies view of product and its features. 6.2.3 Process Focus The goal of process management is to zeroing down the defective and failures rate as well as reduce process variation by building quality into the production process which can reduced cost. According to Ou et al. (n.d.), inferior quality manufacturing process will increase high scrap rate and rework rate which will lead to use more resource to produce qualified products. Therefore, firms should concern on process management to avoid the occurrences of unnecessary costs such as waste costs by finding quality problems immediately. TQM implementation can directly increasing firms quality performance by improving manufacturing process, has indirect effects on increasing customer satisfaction as well as the reputation of firms. By reducing unnecessary waste cost such as waste of production, avoidable process and waste of defects, firms can put into practice of lean production. According to Womack and Jones (1996), lean production has its origin in philosophy of achieving improvements in most economical ways with special focus on reducing waste (cited in Dahlgaard and Dahlgaard-Park 2006, p. 264). For instance, firm can designing the production process and giving orders and instructions to the workers. The improvement of manufacturing efficiency will improve customers satisfaction and eventually the companys financial performance. 6.3 Adoption of e-Procurement in Total Quality Management to achieve Competitive Advantage There is no clearly evidence shows that the adoption of e-procurement in total quality management can achieve further competitive advantage, however it can be shows that the ways of both e-procurement and TQM are almost using same strategies to achieve competitive advantage. 6.3.1 Business-to-business (B2B) E-procurement E-procurement is defined as the use of information technologies to facilitate business-to-business (B2B) purchase transactions for materials and services (Wu et al. 2007, cited in Walker and Harland 2008). With the development of B2B e-procurement, the traditional method of business are replaced by the electronically transactions. Besides that, BCB e-procurement can help TQM in achieving competitive advantage. 6.3.1.1 Cost Minimization Application of e-procurement practices into total quality management is beneficial as it can improve facilitation of efficient and cost-effective trading routes to conduct business. According to Harrigan et al. (2008), e-procurement can reduce purchasing costs by amending the way raw materials are purchasing from traditional methods to online ordering. With the implementation of e-procurement, transactions can be proceed via e-mail, electronic data interchange, fax which can directly eliminate paper usage such as invoice, receipts as well as paper catalogs. However, Turban et al. (2006) argues that systematic procurement transactions tend to waste time on non-value-adding activities such as handling errors in ordering and invoicing, data entry which often time consuming and costly to trace (cited in Aboelmaged 2009). 6.3.1.2 Efficiency Maximization Apart from the cost reductions arising from transactional, e-procurement can also contribute to efficient purchasing process in many ways. As earlier mention, TQM have been emphasized that its main focus is improving products quality, therefore it may be less paying attention on giving maximize efficiency. Consequently, by implementation e-procurement in TQM can achieve maximum efficiency. It is obvious that e-procurement greatly helps improve communication with suppliers providing access to the information 24 hours a day. Therefore, the system availability can makes it easier for businesses to receive order from the supplier and summit an order. By providing greater access, firms can reduce the purchasing cycle time and improved performance between buyers and suppliers. According to Choudhury et al. (1998), repetition in the procurement system will increase the efficiency and result in a higher level of electronic integration between buyers and suppliers (cited in Walker and Harland 2008). 6.3.1.3 Methods of B2B e-procurement Previously, most of the organizations are using traditional modes of communication such as phone, fax, memo and face-to-face. However, through evolution of the technologies, organizations can improve the speed in business transactions through the utilization of the B2B e-procurement methods: 1. Reverse Auctions. A reverse e-auction is a form of the electronic data communication which provides a forum wherein several suppliers compete online for contracts offered by a customer (Tassabehji et al. 2006). Due to no human intervention along with computerized accessible format, it can help both parties gain form less paperwork, shorted cycle times for circulation requesters for quotations, faster responses to potential bidders and reduced transaction costs (Plouffe et al. 2001). 2. Lean procurement. Lean procurement generally imply on small quantity of products purchased frequently from few suppliers, who deliver the items in exact quantities at the specific time and place (Wilson and Roy 2009). It also further noted that lean procurement unlike the traditional purchasing system such as TQM where the price considerations, suppliers are evaluated through the reliability, behaviors, performance as well as price. Based on the traditional purchasing system, the relationship between buyers and suppliers are based on the long-term trust and commitment. 3. Internet. Through internet, companies have ability to speed up the business transactions through a faster way as it allows companies to pay invoices and payment electronically. Besides that, the use of internet through videoconferencing provides a visual contract which allows companies communicate with the suppliers (Samaniego 2006). 7.0 Theoretical Framework Competitive Advantage E-Procurement Total Quality Management 8.0 Research Methods 8.1 Explanatory My research is about the ways of e-procurement and total quality management in achieving competitive advantage of organizations. In the literature review, I am explaining the relationship between e-procurement and competitive advantage as well as total quality management and competitive advantage; therefore my research is an explanatory study. According to Saunders et al. (2009), explanatory study is known as causal study which is emphasizes on explaining the relationships between variables. 8.2 Research Philosophy The research philosophy that I adopt in the literature review is epistemology. Epistemology concerns what constitutes acceptable knowledge in a field of study (Saunders et al, 2009, p. 112). This research will be mostly exploring the strategies of how e-procurement and TQM to achieve competitive advantage. Besides that, although many successful cases that shows that e-procurement and TQM can provide competitive advantage to an organization. However, I may not be able to know that e-procurement and TQM can achieve competitive advantage. Therefore, I a going to do this research to find out how e-procurement and TQM can help an organization achieve competitive advantage. Furthermore, the fact that it is an explanatory study also makes this research epistemology. Both the cause and the effect are known under an explanatory effect. In this research, I will acts as a positivist. A positivist will prefer working with an observable social reality and that the end products of such research can be law-like generalizations similar to those produced by the physical and natural scientists (Remenyi et al., 1998, p. 32, as cited in Saunders et al., 2009, p. 113). Therefore, I will only based on the quantifiable observations which I can see, hear and touch to develop hypotheses. 8.3 Approach Deductive approach is an approach of working from more general idea to a more specific idea and also known as waterfall approach and therefore, conclusion follows logically from the premises (Gill Johnson, 2010). My research will utilize deductive approach since the theory and hypothesis have been created at the starting of the research. Besides that, the research itself is an observation to further confirm the relationship between e-procurement, TQM and competitive advantage as well as allows me to test and confirm my hypothesis. 8.4 Method The research measurements used in this study will be mixture of qualitative and quantitative factors. A quantitative research aims at determining the relationship between one thing and another (Denzin Lincon, 2005). A qualitative research is used to address research questions that require explanation or understanding of social phenomena and their contexts (Ritchie and Lewis, 2003). In this research, I will more focus on quantitative research instead of qualitative research. By using quantitative research, I can find out the following data: 1. The percentage of organizations which are successfully achieving competitive advantage after adoption of either e-procurement, TQM, or both. 2. The percentage of organizations which adopt neither e-procurement nor TQM, but have achieved competitive advantage. Besides that, I plan to apply structured questionnaire and interview which form by structured questions and answers. Structured interviews use questionnaires based on standardized set of questions which can be result more accurate and credible data. Although quantitative research is the main focus in this research, qualitative research is still under consideration towards these issues. Under qualitative methods, I will be using semi-structured and in-depth questionnaire and interview. A semi-structured questionnaire or interview is where the questions are structured but the answers are left unstructured. However, in-depth questionnaire or interview is where both the questions and answers are unstructured. Therefore, my research choice is Mixed Methods whereby both quantitative and qualitative methods are being considered. 8.5 Strategies The strategies that can be implemented in conducting this research are survey. Survey is a research strategy that involves the structured collection of data from a sizeable population (Saunders et al., 2009). The reason for choosing survey as my strategy is survey allows me to collect the quantitative data which I can analyze quantitatively using statistics. By using survey, I can easily calculate the percentage of increase in profits after implementing e-procurement and TQM. Through the survey, questionnaire will be given. Structured questionnaires bring convenience for me when carrying out the percentage calculation. Another strategy that can be implemented is archival research which makes use of administrative records and documents as the principal source of data (Saunders et al., 2009). In this research, archival research can used to identify the companies in the past that have been successful in achieving e-procurement and TQM and changing effects that has led to their success. 8.6 Sampling Sampling techniques are used to define the target population by keeping with the objectives of the study. Hence, sampling methods are techniques for collecting sub-volumes from larger volume of target population (Groves et al., 2010). Sample selection will be done on a random basis to avoid selection bias. In this research, the sampling method that will be use is stratified random sampling. Stratified random sampling is a modification of random sampling in which you divide the population into two or more relevant strata based on one or a number of attributes (Saunders et al., 2009, p. 228). I will divide all companies in Malaysia into 4 groups which are companies that implement e-procurement, companies that implement TQM, companies that implement both e-procurement and TQM as well as companies that do not implement both e-procurement and TQM. In this case, companies will be selected using random sampling. Besides that, 50 questionnaires will be distributed randomly to every company. 8.7 Time Horizon In terms of time horizon, my research will be considered as cross-sectional study. Cross-sectional study refers to data gathered only once over a period of time. Since this research must complete within 1 month, I am not be able to analyze the development of e-procurement in future. Therefore, my research will more focus on the e-procurement of e-procurement nowadays and explain the relationship between every variable. Besides that, this research typically deals with historical data, hence the necessity to get results frequently is comparatively low as the industry conditions will not change rapidly. 8.8 Possible Result For the hypothesis of this research to be true, it must be supported by the fact that adoption of e-procurement in TQM can provide further competitive advantage. Besides that, the results of the survey as well as archival research should show that the companies that implement neither e-procurement nor TQM can achieve competitive advantage. However, if the result of this research shows that the adoption of e-procurement in TQM does not achieve competitive advantage then the hypothesis of the research will be proven false. 9.0 Conclusion Based on reading of literature, I can suggest that hypothesis of this research paper is accepted. It clearly shows that e-procurement and TQM on business can achieve and sustaining competitive advantage in business world nowadays. The development of e-procurement does give a huge impact on business management will continuing technological revolution provides a number of challenges for firms today. An efficient e-procurement should implement competitive strategies to achieve competitive advantage as well as enhance market position in market. Besides that, a further competitive advantage can be gained by implementing e-procurement in TQM. Hence, it can be concluded that adoption of both e-procurement and TQM can bring organization to achieve further competitive advantage. However, in practice, TQM benefits are not easy to achieve. Many organizations and companies have difficulties in implementing TQM due to lack of consistent senior management commitment, superficial knowledge of imple menters of TQM as well as lack of strategic plan for change. In other words, TQM can have a dramatic impact on an organization. (4258 words) 10.0 References Aberdeen Group. (2001). 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